Juvenile Prisons And Its Effects On Youth - 1204 Words

Juvenile Jails and its Effects on Youth Whoever commits a crime, must be punished. This is one of the common notion in human nature from time immemorial. Scientifically, we can say that, every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction. So, when punished, they learn that what they did was wrong and in most cases would never repeat it again. Among punishments, the most prominent one is imprisonment. People are confined inside bars for their acts, including children. They are given the name called juveniles. The juvenile system was created for youth under the age of 17 that require incarnation. Off course, this system can lead to the betterment of children, but it can predominantly cause lot of side effects towards the juveniles. Therefore, child imprisonment can cause more harms and dangers towards a teen’s life because, it can affect them both psychologically and physically which can lead to self-degradation. Every day, we see in our TV or through other means, Juveniles committing crimes and being arrested. They ar e locked up in cells and other confinement areas due to certain acts and attitudes. Currently, statistics show us that there is an increase of 26% in the crime rate done by juveniles. Juvenile delinquency is found in all countries and prominently widespread in highly industrialized larger cities. Juveniles are mainly caught for stealing goods, smuggling drugs, unsafe driving and violent crimes. Off course, all of these can be very dangerous and can cause harm,Show MoreRelatedComparing The Geo Group Inc. And The Campaign For Youth Justice1263 Words   |  6 PagesSociety has been plagued by the issue of juveniles being charged as adults and thus being sent to adult prisons. The problem surrounding this issue is that the youth are being forced to share cells with adult inmates; this leaves them more susceptible to assault. There are two stakeholders who hold opposite perspectives surrounding this: the GEO Group Inc. and the Campaign for Youth Justice. The Campaign for Youth Justice i s fighting against this issue, whilst the GEO Group doesn t consider theRead MoreSynthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration Into Adult Prisons1414 Words   |  6 PagesBoettcher 10/21/15 Pd.3 Synthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration into Adult Prisons Childhood is a time in which memories are created, adventures are explored and social awareness begins to develop. The events that occur during childhood are pivotal in the development of a healthy and substantial life. However, what if those experiences were taken from a child? What would the outcome be if a child could not experience what it is like to be young? Juvenile incarceration strips a person of their childhoodRead MoreA New Perspective Towards The Justice System1583 Words   |  7 Pages Final Assignment Over the course of the semester I have developed a new perspective towards the justice system. Prior to taking the Juvenile Delinquency course I did not know much in detail about the negative effects of the juvenile justice system on youths. Personally, I thought the juvenile justice system was created to educate youths in order to prevent them from getting involved in more crimes and to lead them to have better outcomes in the future by giving them resources they may have notRead MoreAdolescent Crime a Result of Socioeconomic Instabilities 1271 Words   |  6 Pagesplaced a great deal of pressure on the juvenile justice system. Pressure associated with increased levels of crime gears conservative believers in social responsibility to implement harsher punishments as an avenue for social protection. Conversely, liberally-minded individuals gravitate toward the social problems perspective, believing that rehabilitation is the only method adequate to protect society. Inherent in the c ontroversial topic of trying juveniles as adults is an increased responsibilityRead MoreA Child With Adult Consequences Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Youth Justice (2012), â€Å"On any given day, approximately 2,700 young people are locked up in adult prisons† (p. 4). This is hard to understand, because the United States has a juvenile justice system that is centered on rehabilitation and reforming youth into law-abiding citizens. Youth Justice (2012) also claimed, â€Å"On any given night in America 10,000 children are held in adults jails and prisons† (p. 3). Currently, all states participate in serving justice to juveniles even though itRead MoreJuvenile Courts and Juvenile Delinquency1176 Words   |  5 Pages How would you feel if the police arrested kids all over our country to jail for just crossing the street the wrong way or pushing another kid on the playground? That is what is happening to many underage juvenile all over the United States; they are being sent to adult prisons for crimes that do not deserve such severe punishments. Why they were tried as adults is an enigma and we will explain why this is a terrible injustice. In 1899 children in between the ages of 7-14 were believed they wereRead MoreProfit Over Youth : A Look Into The Business Of Prison950 Words   |  4 PagesProfit Over Youth: A Look into the Business of Prison. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established that in 2009 there were a total of 1,812,900 juvenile arrest. These arrest consisted of those who were arrested and never tried as adults, for the purpose of this paper the same definition of a juvenile will be used. It can be easily argued that the juvenile population is Americas most vulnerable, and this is the population that we are arresting at such high numbers. To understandRead MoreThe Issue Of Adult Courts And Prisons1632 Words   |  7 Pagescan provide; yet instead of heeding their cries for help, society subjects these children to the hardships of prisons. The sad truth is that the majority of juvenile cases are sent to adult courts and prisons, but we must consider the mental capacity and stability, along with external factors that make juveniles act out, and the only time the case should be sent to adult courts and prisons, is if heinous acts were taken and no other solution is possible. Children make mistakes. That is the whole pointRead MoreJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn Contrast to Bryan Stevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a goodRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice School To Prison Pipeline634 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction In the most recent years, the relationship between educational institutions and the juvenile justice system which was once created to protect children, has displayed an ultimatum for minors through â€Å"zero tolerance† policies which results in sending individuals through the school to prison to pipeline. Studies have shown that these zero tolerance policies are not beneficial to students or the educational environment that should be guaranteed to children. Opponents argue that the policies

The Excellent Sheep By William Deresiewicz - 849 Words

The first quote from Warner is â€Å"every aspect of American thought and action is powerfully influence by social class; to think realistically and act effectively, we [people] must know and understand our status system† (Levine 90). This shows that he relates to Marx as he agrees that both social class plays an important factor in society. The way people think about life and other groups is affected by class. Social class has also taught individuals how to act, how to dress and talk. Each classes have different expectations for their children, the rich expect them to go to college and be successful while lower classes do not always put so much emphases on education. The topic of education was heavily discussed when the class read The Excellent Sheep by William Deresiewicz, were he talked about how the elite education might not be all it is believed to be worth. Also in class, it was discussed how the upper class believe that all people in the lower classes are the same, and vice versa for the lower-class for the upper-classes. Through studying Warner, it is important to understand society and prestige because it is suppressing how much influence both factors have over society. The Second quote from Warner is, â€Å"Its [The American Dream is] two fundamental themes and propositions, that all of us are equal and that each of us has right to the chance of reaching the top, are mutually contradictory, for if men are equal there can be no top level to aim for, no bottom one to getShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar1593 Words   |  7 Pagesinto a deep depression as she remains trapped in limbo, unable to choose a direction for her professional or personal life to follow. While Esthers frozen state is detrimental to her mental health, she avoids the fate of students like her in Excellent Sheep, who are too afraid of the pressures of deciding a future that they instead fit the mold of a perfect pupil, leaving them unhappy and unfulfilled. This instinct to default into the accepted norm is not just seen in regards to postsecondary education;Read MoreLearning For The Love Of God1234 Words   |  5 Pagesplay in the ways colleges develop into factories which produce â€Å"excellent sheep,† but not well-educated people, which explains why people believe what they do about college. Along with the belief that higher education no longer teaches deeper learning skills, some people assume that colleges only teach students to achieve personal â€Å"success.† In a review of William Deresiewicz’s Excellent Sheep, Perry Glanzer shares that, â€Å"Deresiewicz claims the system ‘forces you to choose between learning and success†Read MoreThe True Nature Of Humankind1309 Words   |  6 Pagescreatures that need to be subjected to extreme authority in order to act morally. The way Hobbes sets up this argument by imploring the readers to imagine the world before society and the conditioning we are subjected to in order to become â€Å"excellent sheep†(William Deresiewicz). Hobbes suggests that humans in the state of nature are compelled solely by self-interest. In fact, I have noticed that even the most seemingly altruistic of acts can seem to boil down to a conception of self-interest different than

Senior Student Free Essays

If I were a newly appointed procurement manager at a company or an organization that there has not been yet proper procurement procedure I will try to convince the CEO of that company and organization by raising some importance point related to the procurement procedure. Those include: 1. It is easily to prepare and controlling the budget of the company: it can reduce the waste of spending on unnecessary things by using the fix budget or flexible budget strategy to control over purchasing products. We will write a custom essay sample on Senior Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. It can avoid of cheat and mistake on purchasing products: after we got that form we can make sure that the product that need to order is well accepted because it has to be check by the officer or CEO to confirm the purchase. 3. It is like a road map to show where the product shall be taken and how the purchase be made. 4. Build good relationship with the suppliers: because we need to select the supplier who we can be trust and can be work with us for long time and realizable so we need to select the potential suppliers to be the part supplier of our company. . Saving money: after we have the part supplier we can save some money because when we select someone to be our part supplier they will provide us a premium price or when we use bulk purchase. Here is the simple plan diagram of the procurement procedure diagram: 1. Check for the department budget or company budget before request or propose a form. 2. Written a requesting form of what you want to purchase and the purpose of purcha sing. 3. Get a signature from the authorization person to validate the purchasing order. 4. Get that requesting form to purchasing department or procurement department to check for the necessity of the product order and the available product in stock or should buy them from the suppliers. 5. After the purchasing has already made up they shall take the requesting form to the financial department to get an approval or a direction where the requesting shall go next. 6. In case if the purchasing has reach the maximum of financial approval it has to go to the principle officer or CEO to get approval before the purchase can be made or done. 7. After we got the approval next we has to find the ways that the product transport to the department. 8. After the product arrival we need to check for the quantity and quality of the product. 9. Next we should evaluate the supplier performance whether they provide us a good delivery or can be used as the part supplier or not. 10. After that send the product that is done send to user department. Diagram: Check for budget Written a requesting form Get approval by the authorize person Send to purchase or procurement department Send to financial department Get approval from the principle or CEO Check for delivery term or strategies Check for the product quality Evaluate the supplier performance Send to the user department Here is the ways to communicate our new procedure for coordinate effectively in the future: 1. Get a signature from the CEO to approve that our new procedure is legally accepted 2. Take it to the human resource department and ask for the meeting of all team leaders in each department. 3. Explain the entire team leader about the new process nicely in the manner of convincing rather than used the position power. 4. Observe from what they thinking and gather the feedback to adjust in case of the reasonable argument. 5. Hosting an unofficial meeting to maintain the relationship with other team leader by showing them that you pay respect to them and willing to accept the feedback. 6. In case of the convincing is not acceptable we can use the position power by working with the CEO to enforce the procedure so that everybody has to listen. In conclusion as we are the new procurement manager we should understand how to convince people to get your point and what make your speech delivery effectively and catchable to all the audience. How to cite Senior Student, Papers

Complicity and Conspiracy in Rotherham †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Complicity and Conspiracy in Rotherham. Answer: Introduction: All children in this world need to be taken care of, to be cared and loved and to be kept safe by those who have been given this responsibility, which in normal situations is imparted with the parents management. Yet, there are a number of children who feel unsafe, who have been orphaned, and who have been forced into sex trade and prostitution, and even have to scavenge the streets on daily basis (Dingwall, Eekelaar Murray, 2014). These are the children who would never know what the normal life of a person is; till the time something dramatic changes in their lives, they would never feel safe and secure in this world. Even though this is a very shocking situation, it is quite prevalent in Australia and there are still a number of children who are in dire need of protection (Higgins Katz, 2008). The Childrens Fund of the United Nations has given the statistics on biological parents being child abusers, and this figure stands at 80%. Then there is the risk of death as a result of ma ltreatment which is 3 times higher than the ones aged below one year, in comparison to the to the ones age between one to four. They face double the risk in comparison to the ones in between the ages of five to fourteen. There is at least one child who dies each week due to cruelty of an adult and the figure of abuse and neglect is not known (Royal College of Midwives, 2008). The problem is increased as majority cases go unreported. Due to this situation being so grave, there is a need for taking proactive measures to safeguard the children. Further, it is not enough for such measures to be taken solely by the authorities and the child protection has to be made the business of every person, to truly save the innocent lives. In the recent history, there have been a string of major sexual assault scandals on the children in Australia, as well as, in a number of other nations. These instances create a feeling of disgust and urge the people to turn their faces away from this ugly reality. However, turning faces does not confront the problem and there is a need for taking up collective action as it being a mutual responsibility for protecting the children (Widom, Czaja Dutton, 2014). This can be done only by acknowledging that such instances of child abuse, sexual assault and other problems faced by children take place on daily basis and that there is a need to talk about these issues. The silence of society on child sexual abuse only safeguards the perpetrators and this allows for the abuse to be continued. The instances of child sexual assault are very common and even more common than one can think about (Young Widom, 2014). The 2013 report of Australian Institute of Family Studies highlighted that there were as many as one in three girls and one in six boys who had experienced sexual abuse (Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2017). In the media, it was reported that there had been a mass scale of sexual exploitation in Rotherham in UK of 1400 children in between 1997 and 2013, which highlighted the total failure of social services and also of the police in making timely interventions (The Conversation, 2014a). There are a number of examples in the Rotherham report on the manner in which the children had been groomed up for eventual abuse in the public view and how they got inappropriate gifts and mens attention (Rotherham, 2013). As per the conducted researches, the offenders plan the sexual abuse of children typically in a careful manner. They use tactics like grooming the children where the offer compliments and presents to the children (CASAC, 2018). A trusting relationship is often established by the offender with the friends and family of child, where they trick and manipulate them to bring down the chances of abuse being discovered. As a result of this series of deceit, the offenders are able to isolate and divide the children away from their friends, sibling and particularly from the non offending parents (Dietz, 2018). This allows for the abusers to protect themselves which ensures that they get constant and uninterrupted access to the children, which in turn allows them to have power over the target child and the ones in the life of the child (Black, Wollis, Woodworth Hancock, 2015). In the grooming techniques, secrecy is the base of success and has a very powerful impact over the child. Due to the rule which is against breaking the silence being reinforced in the families, along with being enforced through social and cultural contexts, the survivors, be it children or adult, face shame, fear and guilt in coming out with their stories (Van der Kolk, 2017). Some of the common effects of being trained to be sexually available and silent are fear of retribution, mistrust of self and others, protection of other, over responsibility, sense of powerlessness and self blame (Kagan, 2014). There is a need to change this outlook and there is a dire need to break this societal silence, which requires changing the language being used and the notions surrounding child sexual abuse which degrade them, to be removed. There is a need to change the outlook where the victim is treated like damaged goods and even making the assumption that the offender is a sick weirdo (MacIntosh, Fletcher Collin-Vzina, 2016). However, as the instances of child abuse are so common, the society commonly interacts with the victims and the perpetrators, and this often includes the people liked and admired by all. This frequency of problems shows that the sexual offenders are not sick or evil or even paedophiles but simple friends and family members. This shows that a number of victims of sexual abuse are able to deal with the abuse effects, live their lives in a productive manner and are able to contribute towards the well-being of the society (Harper Perkins, 2018). And then there are cases where the victims have improper brain development, lower language development, impaired socio emotional and cognitive skills, anxiety, cerebral palsy or blindness from head trauma, drug abuse, alcoholism, smoking and a higher risk for liver, lung and heart diseases, along with high chances of cancer, obesity, high cholesterol and blood pressure. There are physical, psychological, behavioural, and even economic repercussi ons of child neglect and child abuse (CDC, 2016). This entire scenario of the instances of child abuse takes place in the society and it is the society which brings out the views presented above, related to child abuse, particularly the victims of it. Due to deep rooted context of it, it becomes important for every player in the society, be it the big businesses, the government, the institutional bodies, and even the general public, to take steps bringing the instances of child neglect and child abuse down, and for eradicating the same from the society (Barth, Courtney, Berrick Albert, 2017). Fortunately, there is no requirement of doing much in this context. As such instances are based on secrecy and take place in silence; the antidote to this disease is to bring the issue to the light. When such happens, there is a need to support the victims in their rehabilitation process and making the victims liable for their offence. There is a requirement of creating the atmosphere which encourages the individuals to raise questions on the uncertain or confusing practices and behaviours for taking actions before the children could be harmed (Itzin, 2018). So, the people have to take the risk of questioning a potentially paranoid looking adult behaviour towards a child. There are other responses to the people who experience childhood sexual abuse like collective social action, community development and preventive approaches but these are restricted to the practices margins (The Conversation, 2014b). There are certain services, like the government funded West Street Centre, which is a community based organization located in Wollongong, New South Wales, which offers a substitute. This centre links the group work of individuals to community and collaborative efforts and individual talk based group therapy for tackling the violence and abuse issues. The survivors of child abuse are made to join with others, where they not only speak about their experiences but also challenge secrecy, as the emphasis is given to listening to the other community members. This allows for the victims to find a new way for the community and for their families. Where a child hears an adult talking about their sexual abuse story, they learn from their example and follow such example (Fraser, 2006). The protection of children is not a job which can be relegated to a single authority, be it in school, police or the social services. It is the responsibility of every person. All the children would be protected when the everyday citizens make it their personal responsibility for ensuring the child protection. This requires taking up hard conversations, changing the very hypothesis regarding perpetrators and victims and having the courage of acting where they have issues or concerns regarding the children in community (Jewell, 2006). There is the disturbing truth revolving around the human behaviour which is both devious and dark and can result in harm to children. In this context, the role of practitioners specializing in field of child, youth and family therapy is of significance. This is because these practitioners work in the child protection field on daily basis are aware of the evils behind this menace and they know how the children feel and what they go through, when they become the victims of child abuse and child neglect. The child protection practitioners see with a weary resignation when the child abuse results in moral panic, upon the news hitting the media and a political mess being created. Then there are claims of an utter failure in preventing abuse by such practitioners, which should have been obvious to everyone, and there is moral outrage regarding abuse of human rights by social workers and police on suspicions regarding obviously unreasonable matters (Jones, 2012). The public anger regarding the bad treatment of children is quite understandable. Though, the past experiences have shown that such episodes end very frequently in disruptive lurches in regulation. Evidence has shown that the understanding in some of the abuse forms has been improved in a drastic manner in the last thirty years or so. The child protection system across the globe is improving. And yet, instances of child neglect and child abuse are present, which are particularly difficult to detect and the decisions regarding these are quite agonising. The high profile cases show that even the intelligent and most powerful individuals can miss the signs and also ignore the clues which appear to be obvious in retrospect. These are some of the daily challenges faced by child protection practitioners and even the ones who provide therapy (Jones, 2012). The role of counselling practitioners or that of child, youth and family therapists relates to counselling services for the children and for their family members as well, in cases of physical and emotional abuse, domestic violence and neglect cases. These practitioners provide the children with focused and trauma informed services by making use of the family systems approach. They make attempts for the children to feel safe again and help them in coping up with the trauma faced by them (Bryce, 2017). The resolution of trauma not only involves making sense of the event which caused such trauma, but also allows the child to learn the manner in which they can regulate their emotions. In doing so, the practitioners work with the family, in order to create a safe environment, and for enhancing the social supports, and resiliency of the child. There is a need for the carers and parents to agree and to be willing in this therapy process (Mid North Coast Local Health District, 2017). The goal or the objective of such measures being taken is to give the children their right of feeling safe at all times, along with feeling that they are cared for. The children are assisted in coping with the effects of abuse and their families are supported in keeping the children safe, along with working towards preventing child abuse and neglect in community (Howe, 2005). A child, youth and family therapist works towards the behavioural and emotional problems, which result from the traumatic events; in the problems associated with parenting, attachment and family; towards maintaining the young person or child living with their family; and acts as an interventionist aiming to both address and stop the effects resulting from abuse on young people and children. This involves using measures like family and individual therapy and counselling, advocacy and support, therapeutic group work, comprehensive progress and assessment reports, court preparation and support, community education and awareness related activities, reparative parent and even secondary consultation to the NSW Health staff and the other agencies regarding child protection issues (Mid North Coast Local Health District, 2017). The role of such practitioners is further enhanced due to the link of child abuse with mental health. Experiencing abuse in adolescence or childhood is deemed as a major risk factor for connection to parents, poor attachment, general adjustment problems and poor mental health. These factors leave the children vulnerable. So, the child, youth and family therapists have to take special care in ensuring that the risks associated with mental illness and disorders are properly diagnosed and are timely treated (Tilbury, Osmond, Wilson Clark, 2007). To put this in reality context, the studies have suggested that the victims of childhood physical abuse have 40% chances of being diagnosed with high depressive disorder in some stage of their lives, and 30% chances of being diagnosed with disruptive behaviour disorder. Over one third of the sexual and physical abuse victims develop post traumatic stress disorder. There is also the risk of self harm and suicide (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005) . The magnitude of this problem is so big that the child, youth and family therapists alone cannot do much. There is a need to adopt broad spectrum of programs and services to deal with this problem. The initial one is to undertake the primary prevention activities for preventing abuse from taking place, and for raising public awareness through general parenting education programs, media campaigns, children personal safety programs and the generalized regulations and rules applicable on child care. There is a need for adopting secondary prevention activities, which target the ones who are at risk, through support services, substance abuse treatment programs, respite for families with special needs, and parenting education sessions for the high risk parents. Lastly, there is a need to adopt the tertiary prevention programs where the focus is on families with abusive or violent behaviour (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005). The role of general public is enhanced in terms of reporting the child abuse or neglect cases. This is because the offenders seldom report their own crimes, and the children are often not able to raise their voice. In such context, in order for the children to reach child, youth and family therapists or other helping individuals, the general public, particularly near such abused child, need to raise their voice. The role of people near the children in such cases cannot be emphasized enough. There is a need to evaluate each action of children and raise the voice even at slightest of doubt. This may result in people blaming false allegation charges, but for the safety of children and for making them feel safe again, this is a worthy risk to take. The role of child, youth and family therapists comes a lot later, even when they indulge in preventive programs due to the lack of reach which they have to the child, particularly to the vulnerable and neglected children (Commonwealth of Austr alia, 2005). Even with the protection measures in this regard, for instance, the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child, which provide that the children have to be made feel safe and cannot be abused, these programs are not successful till they are actually adopted at the very basic level, by every person involved (Lundy, 2014). The governments of the state also have adopted by measures like issuing child safety practice manual to help in this context (Queensland Government, 2018). There are also national policies drawn in Australia in context of child protection being everyones business (Council of Australian Governments, 2010). Thus, to bring this discussion to its end, it can be concluded that child abuse and neglect is a serious issue, which is being faced by a well developed nation like Australia. There have been norms which have been adopted at both international and national levels, but these often fall short. The reason for this stems from the fact that both perpetrators and victims are members of the society and the society at present rules by silence. There is a need for raising awareness regarding people to come out with such knowledge of child being abused or being neglected. This is because the children often fear a lot of factors, which act as a hurdle in them raising their voice. Further, the offenders indulge in such grooming schemes, that they are never seen as offenders by the families or the child, resulting in the child becoming an easy victim. There is a need for overall measures to be adopted, whereby the children are properly protected. In this context, the role of child, youth and fami ly therapists is enhanced as they ensure that the mental state of victims and their family members is good and they help the children and families in coping up with the traumatic incident. Their role is also crucial as a bad mental health could result in a number of problems, which even includes the child become suicidal. Despite the measures adopted by the regulatory authorities, and the prominent role of child, youth and family therapists, there is a need for everyone to play a proactive role in protection of children, so that the children can be made to feel safe again. References Australian Institute of Family Studies. (2017). The prevalence of child abuse and neglect management. Retrieved from: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/prevalence-child-abuse-and-neglect Barth, R. P., Courtney, M. E., Berrick, J. D., Albert, V. N. (2017).From child abuse to foster care: Child welfare services pathways and placements. Oxon: Routledge. Black, P. J., Wollis, M., Woodworth, M., Hancock, J. T. (2015). A linguistic analysis of grooming strategies of online child sex offenders: Implications for our understanding of predatory sexual behavior in an increasingly computer-mediated world.Child abuse neglect,44, 140-149. Bryce, I. (2017). Cumulative Harm and Resilience Framework: An Assessment, Prevention and Intervention Resource for Helping Professionals. Australia: Cengage. CASAC. (2018). Grooming. Retrieved from: https://www.casac.org.au/site%20docs/Grooming.pdf CDC. (2016). Child Abuse and Neglect: Consequences. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childmaltreatment/consequences.html Commonwealth of Australia. (2005). Child Abuse and Mental Health. Retrieved from: https://www.responseability.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/4807/Child-Abuse-and-Mental-Health.pdf Council of Australian Governments. (2010). Protecting Children is Everyones Business. Retrieved from: https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/pac_annual_rpt_0.pdf Dietz, P. (2018). Grooming and Seduction.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,33(1), 28-36. Dingwall, R., Eekelaar, J., Murray, T. (2014).The protection of children: State intervention and family life(Vol. 16). London: Quid Pro Books. Fraser, M. (2006). Outsider-witness practices in developing community with women who have experienced child sexual assault.International Journal of Narrative Therapy Community Work,2006(3), 52. Harper, C. A., Perkins, C. (2018). Reporting child sexual abuse within religious settings: challenges and future directions.Child abuse review,27(1), 30-41. Higgins, D., Katz, I. (2008). Enhancing service systems for protecting children: Promoting child wellbeing and child protection reform in Australia.Family Matters, (80), 43. Howe, D. (2005).Child abuse and neglect: Attachment, development and intervention. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Itzin, C. (2018).Psychoanalytic psychotherapy after child abuse: The treatment of adults and children who have experienced sexual abuse, violence, and neglect in childhood. Oxon: Routledge. Jewell, S. (2006). 'Child protection is everyone's business'. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/oct/11/guardianextra3.guardianspecial67 Jones, D.N. (2016). How we can protect children more effectively. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/2012/nov/21/protect-children-effectively-childrens-commission Kagan, R. (2014).Rebuilding attachments with traumatized children: Healing from losses, violence, abuse, and neglect. Oxon: Routledge. Lundy, L. (2014). United Nations convention on the rights of the child and child well-being. InHandbook of child well-being (pp. 2439-2462). Netherlands: Springer. MacIntosh, H., Fletcher, K., Collin-Vzina, D. (2016). I Was Like Damaged, Used Goods: Thematic Analysis of Disclosures of Childhood Sexual Abuse to Romantic Partners.Marriage Family Review,52(6), 598-611. Mid North Coast Local Health District. (2017). Child Protection Counselling Service. Retrieved from: https://mnclhd.health.nsw.gov.au/services/child-youth-family-services/child-protection/child-protection-counselling-service/ Osullivan, J. (2016). Protecting children is everybodys business. Retrieved from: https://glch.org.au/protecting-children-everybodys-business-child-protection-week-event/ Queensland Government. (2018). Child Safety Practice Manual. Retrieved from: https://www.communities.qld.gov.au/childsafety/child-safety-practice-manual Rotherham. (2013). Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham (1997 2013). Retrieved from: https://www.rotherham.gov.uk/downloads/file/1407/independent_inquiry_cse_in_rotherham Royal College of Midwives. (2008). Child protection is everybody's business. Retrieved from: https://www.rcm.org.uk/news-views-and-analysis/analysis/child-protection-is-everybodys-business The Conversation. (2014a). Complicity and conspiracy in Rotherham should teach us how to handle future cases. Retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/complicity-and-conspiracy-in-rotherham-should-teach-us-how-to-handle-future-cases-30979 The Conversation. (2014b). We all have a role in protecting children: end the silence on abuse. Retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/we-all-have-a-role-in-protecting-children-end-the-silence-on-abuse-31281 Tilbury, C., Osmond, J., Wilson, S., Clark, J. (2007). Good practice in child Protection.Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Pearson Education Australia. Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). This Issue: Child Abuse Victimization.Psychiatric Annals,35(5), 374-378. Widom, C. S., Czaja, S., Dutton, M. A. (2014). Child abuse and neglect and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: A prospective investigation.Child abuse neglect,38(4), 650-663. Young, J. C., Widom, C. S. (2014). Long-term effects of child abuse and neglect on emotion processing in adulthood.Child abuse neglect,38(8), 1369-1381.